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Study of the effect of fertilizer containing wheat bran on lettuce growth
Smrčková, Kamila ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the work was to perform growth experiments on a laboratory scale with soil, which was enriched with 2,5 vol. % of wheat bran/coffee grounds/biochar and to study soil and growth characteristics on Lactuca sativa L. The coffee grounds were added raw or modified by oxidation/extraction. Phytotoxic properties of coffee grounds were confirmed by germination tests, although there was an effort to reduce the content of phenolic substances by oxidation /extraction. Soil additives caused an increase in content of organic matter, water capacity, pH and conductivity of all mixtures compared to the control soil. Elemental analysis of soils before cultivation did not show any positive effect on the content of mineral elements compared to the control soil. On the other hand, higher mineral (P, Mg, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Cu and Al) content compared to soil was recorded cultivation experiments. Chlorophyll a was the most abundant in cultivated plants and reached the lowest concentration in plants grown in a mixture with EXKS. Salads differed in mineral content, too. Salads with the highest content of phosphorus were growed on the mixture BU+OT+PŮDA. On the contrary, content of potassium is salads was negatively affected by mixture with EXKS. Microelements (Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Cr and Mn) were most affected in the salad by the addition of raw coffee grounds and OXKS2.
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Analysis of vegetable quality in aquaponic production system
Botek, Petr
Aim of this study was to closely observe the aquaponic production of lettuce and based on regular measurements of water and plant parameters evaluate these changes and their effect on final product. During two subsequent experiments, effect of orange light intensity (1 and 8 % of total PAR) was examined. Each treatment examined red and green commercial lettuce cultivar in terms of morphological and physiological traits and their correlation to light and composition of nutrients in aquaponic water. Results of in situ measurements of photosynthesis (OJIP, QY, NDVI) and laboratory analysis of harvested plants were evaluated. Increased orange light stimulated assimilation of TAC by 2-fold on average. TAC was also positively correlated to phosphate and calcium concentrations in water. Many responses were cultivar specific. Changes in orange intensity stimulated zinc uptake. Prior to visual deterioration of plant fitness, NDVI values showed decline- demonstrating good ability to detect stress. OJIP values enables in depth evaluation of photosynthetic process at different fitness stage. Changes in orange part of spectrum proved to be trigger of plant assimilation and can be further utilized to improve plant antioxidant capacity. The orange colour has also potential of stimulating heavy metal uptake, of which further research is needed.
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Study of the effect of fertilizer containing wheat bran on lettuce growth
Smrčková, Kamila ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the work was to perform growth experiments on a laboratory scale with soil, which was enriched with 2,5 vol. % of wheat bran/coffee grounds/biochar and to study soil and growth characteristics on Lactuca sativa L. The coffee grounds were added raw or modified by oxidation/extraction. Phytotoxic properties of coffee grounds were confirmed by germination tests, although there was an effort to reduce the content of phenolic substances by oxidation /extraction. Soil additives caused an increase in content of organic matter, water capacity, pH and conductivity of all mixtures compared to the control soil. Elemental analysis of soils before cultivation did not show any positive effect on the content of mineral elements compared to the control soil. On the other hand, higher mineral (P, Mg, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Cu and Al) content compared to soil was recorded cultivation experiments. Chlorophyll a was the most abundant in cultivated plants and reached the lowest concentration in plants grown in a mixture with EXKS. Salads differed in mineral content, too. Salads with the highest content of phosphorus were growed on the mixture BU+OT+PŮDA. On the contrary, content of potassium is salads was negatively affected by mixture with EXKS. Microelements (Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Cr and Mn) were most affected in the salad by the addition of raw coffee grounds and OXKS2.
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Hodnocení pěstebních substrátů a jejich vlivu na produkci a kvalitu zeleniny
Kršková, Tereza
The aim of the presented work is to assess the influence of commercially available substrates in the production of lettuce and to recommend the use of selected products not only in agricultural practice but also in the professional public. The essence of the experimental part was the laboratory testing of selected substrates and their subsequent selection pot trials, where their effect on lettuce production was monitored on its yield and production quality. The substrates were selected on the basis of the results from the laboratory testing in two Hobby (Horticultural substrate with humus, tomato and pepper substrate) and two Profi (Profimix RS1, Profimix RS2). For cultivation, they were used in a soil-mixed mix. Application of substrates had a significant effect on salad yield. Profi substrates contributed to the increase in fresh salad mass. Mixed with soil, production increase was more than doubled, the salad yield increased almost 2.5 times when used alone. The efficiency of the Hobby substrate application was less known, the yield increased by 44% on average due to their use. The average nitrate content in the experiment was 1188 mg / kg. Application of Profi substrates increased its content in the range of 159-774 mg / kg, compared to the inconclusive control. Nitrate in lettuce grown in Hobby substrates significantly increased the nitrate content in vegetables. When the substrate for tomatoes and peppers was used, the limit of Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 was exceeded. Keywords: substrates, lettuce, yield, nitrates.
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Optimizing of weed control in carrot anf lettuce
Šuk, Jaromír ; Jursík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kolářová, Michaela (referee)
The main aim of this work was to made literary review about possibilities of weed control in carrot and lettuce. The experimental part of this work was focused on optimization of herbicides weed control in lettuce and carrot. Small plot field trials were carried in 2015.
Literary review was focused on the summarizing of information about the particular vegetables. Futhermore, the available literature about weed control in these vegetables were complied, specialy with a focus on mechanical and chemical (herbicide) control. The last section of review is dedicated to optimizing use of herbicides that are not registered in tested vegetables.
In lettuce, herbicidal efficacy was assessed on Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Mercurialis annua and Echinochloa crus-gali and selectivity of herbicides to crop. In carrot, herbicidal efficacy was assessed on Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum physalifolium, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-gali and Mercurialis annua and selectivity of herbicides to crop.
Lettuce was treated by herbicide combinations with active ingredients: befor planting or postemergence pendimethalin, postemergence propyzamide, postemergence phenmediphan, postemergence dimethenamid and postemergence pethoxamide. Carrot was treated by herbicide combinations with active ingredients: preemergence aclonifen, preemergence clomazone, preemergence dimethenamid, preemergence pendimethalin, postemergence linuron and postemergence metribuzin.
In lettuce, were on the plots, where were used pendimethalin and dimethenamid. In carrot, best weed control were on the plots, where were used aclonifen, clomazone and dimethenamid. However, after application these herbicides, highest phytotoxicity was found. The lowest selectivity to both tested vegetables showed dimethenamid.
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The possibilities of using growth stimulants as agents for limiting the consequences of water deficit with growing vegetable
Doležalová, Jitka ; Sus, Josef (advisor) ; Ivan, Ivan (referee)
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of a synthetic brassinolide and Atonik on the growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.; cultivars ´Alice´ and ´Lusy´) and head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata; cultivars ´Maršálus´, ´Mars´ and ´Santoro´) grown at two irrigation levels.
The treatment with brassinolide (1 nM) and Atonik (0.05 %) promoted germination at the beginning of the experiment in the onion (cultivar ´Alice´). The results also showed varietal differences in response to the treatments.
In field trials under conditions with optimal irrigation the influence of the treatments with synthetic brassinolide in the onion (cultivar ´Alice´) was proven on the mass of the individual bulbs and yield in 2013. In the case of reduced irrigation, the treatment with a concentration of 1 nM had a statistically significant positive influence on the mass of the individual bulbs (2013) and yield (2012) in the cultivar ´Alice´. With the cultivar ´Lusy´, the treatment with a concentration of 1 nM and 0.01 nM significantly increased the marketable yield relative to the control variant (2012).
The results of laboratory experiments showed that treatment of lettuce plants in the initial stage of the development with 1nM solution of synthetic brassinolide can be used to limit the consequences of reduced moisture conditions.
Significant increase of marketable heads was noted after treatment with synthetic brassinolide in filed experiments (head lettuce - cultivar ´Santoro´).
There were no significant differences among the ascorbic acid /nitrates contents of the treated vegetables.
The results confirmed that it was possible to reduce the negative impact of the water deficit in the cultivation of onion and lettuce with growth stimulants. It is, however, necessary to bear in mind which parameter of the plants should be affected and last but not least also the varying sensitivity of the species and cultivars to the treatment.
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Evaluation of cultivars tolerance of chosen vegetable assortment to fungal diseases
Maláková, Dana ; Koudela, Martin (advisor) ; Kristína, Kristína (referee)
The aim of this Diploma thesis was to assess the cultivar tolerance of a chosen assortment of butterhead lettuce, leaf lettuce, iceberg lettuce and cabbage to fungal pathogens (Bremia lactucae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans).
The experiment was conducted in the laboratory conditions of the gardening department FAPPZ of the Czech University of Agriculture in growth chambers. The lettuce experiments were done in given conditions with the temperatures of 18 - 20 °C under the regime 12 hrs. of light and 12 hrs. of darkness. The cabbage experiments were conducted in given conditions under the regime 12 hrs. of light and 12 hrs. of darkness with the temperatures of 14 °C during the day and 12 °C in the night. The lettuce plants were planted in dishes on fine sand. All experiments had infected and control variants. After emergence, the experimental plants were inoculated with variants of the selected pathogen. The plants were observed in 2 - 3 day intervals throughout the whole experiment. The experiment was assessed using the modified standard method according to Pawelec et al. (2006). A modified method with a percentage scale was used to assess the lettuce experiments. Cabbage experiments were evaluated with a scale of points ranging from 0 to 9 according to the percentage of infection on the plants. The results of the methodology were determined using the program Statistica 12.
In the experiments evaluating the variety tolerance of a chosen assortment leaf lettuce and iceberg lettuce to the pathogen Bremia lactucae Bl:31, a statistically significant difference in the sensitivity to this pathogen was established. The results show that the most resistant varieties are Tarzan, Stamir, Adinal a Verala. The greatest sensitivity to the pathogen Bl:31 has a variety "Dětenická Atrakce" then Traper and Nikolaj. Effect of seed treatment with hot water (HWT) to suppress pathogen B. lactucae was statistically significant in the varieties "Dětenická Atrakce" (10% decrease) and Dubáček (7% decrease) compared with untreated infectious variant with HWT. In the sensitivity evaluation of varieties and lines of white cabbage was a statistically significant difference in infecting of pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. conglutinans breed 1. The most significantly susceptible to the pathogen Foc was variety Pourovo late-season (degree of assault after inoculation was 6.52 points).
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Zhodnocení současného sortimenu velkohhlávkových odrůd raného salátu
Julinová, Dorota
The bachelor thesis discussed evaluation of the range of early lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) currently available on the market. A field experiment was conducted on the grounds of the Mendel University in Brno, in which four varieties were monitored and evaluated. These varieties were evaluated in terms of their crop weight, market weight, the state of health, subsequently, classification into qualitative categories was conducted. The best variety for cultivation of lettuce in the conditions of the Czech Republic proved to be the variety MARATON. This variety showed high yield of the crop, very good state of health, and gave the best crop percentage. Other suitable varieties are MAJOR and DEON. The variety MAJOR achieved best results in terms of evaluation of the state of health. The variety DEON showed high yield of the crop.
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Preparation of recombinant inhibitor of serine proteases from the tick \kur{Ixodes ricinus}
VLNOVÁ, Ivana
Tick serine protease inhibitors could be important anti-tick vaccines targets because of their properties and functions. The aim of this work was to prepare recombinant inhibitor of serine proteases from the tick Ixodes ricinus in baculovirus expression system. Two tick saliva proteins of the serpine superfamily were selected for this purpose and transformed into plasmids. One recombinant protein was expressed in baculovirus expression system, purified and its biochemical analyses were done.
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